What apparatus is used to measure the electrostatic force between two objects

 A torsion balance is the apparatus used to measure the electrostatic force between two objects. This device, famously used by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, uses a suspended rod with a charged ball and measures the force by the twist of a fiber, which is proportional to the torque created by the electrostatic repulsion or attraction.

• Torsion Balance: This is a sensitive instrument consisting of a rod suspended from its center by a thin fiber.
• How it works: A charged object is placed near a second charged ball on the rod. The resulting electrostatic force causes the rod to twist the fiber through a specific angle. By measuring this angle and knowing the properties of the fiber, the force can be calculated. [1, 4, 5]

AI responses may include mistakes.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law

[2] https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-physics-flexbook-2.0/section/15.3/related/rwa/electrolytically-charged-sphere/

[3] https://klingereducational.com/blogs/the-klinger-blog/coulombs-law-apparatus

[4] https://askfilo.com/user-question-answers-smart-solutions/how-would-you-design-an-experiment-to-precisely-measure-the-3337353932343639

[5] https://pm.szczecin.pl/uploads/imfich/zaklad-fizyki/09-Electric-Fields.pdf

What apparatus is used to measure the gravitational force between two objects?

 The primary apparatus for measuring the gravitational force between two objects is a torsion balance, famously used in the Cavendish experiment. For measuring the gravitational force of a planet, a gravimeter is used, which can be based on a spring or a free-fall method. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Torsion Balance

• Principle: This device measures the extremely small twist in a wire caused by the gravitational pull between two large, known masses and two smaller masses suspended at the ends of a rod.
• Function: By measuring the angle of the twist (often using a mirror and laser pointer), the force can be calculated. This was the first method to accurately measure the gravitational constant, . [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

Gravimeter

• Principle: A gravimeter is used to measure the Earth's gravitational field, which is a measure of gravitational acceleration (). It works on the principle that gravitational force is a type of acceleration.
• Function: It measures the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on an object.
• Spring-based gravimeters: Use a spring to counteract the force of gravity. The change in the spring's length is calibrated to the force required to balance the pull.
• Absolute gravimeters: Directly measure the acceleration of a free-falling mass in a vacuum. [1, 2, 3, 9, 10]

AI responses may include mistakes.

[1] https://brainly.in/question/60381166

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravimetry

[3] https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-device-with-which-you-can-directly-measure-the-gravitational-field-strength

[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbucRPiL92Q

[5] https://askfilo.com/user-question-answers-science/point-to-ponder-7-how-the-value-of-was-measured-the-35303836303731

[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70-_GBymrck

[7] https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article/84/3/234/1057019/A-simple-Cavendish-experimental-apparatus

[8] https://www.space.com/what-is-the-gravitational-constant

[9] https://www.si.edu/object/worden-gravimeter%3Anmah_865076

[10] https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-method-used-to-measure-gravitational-force