Class IX IT notes: Part A, Unit 1, Session 3.

 IT notes class 9

Part A

Unit 1: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

session 3: VISUAL AND WRITTEN METHODS OF COMMUNICATION

Q1. What is Visual Communication?

Visual communication is a type of communication where messages are conveyed through pictures,

signboards, logos etc. through any visual medium.

Q2. What are the components of Visual communication?

Following are the components of Visual communication:

1. Objects: Objects are used to demonstrate some action e.g. an airhostess using oxygen mask to 

demonstrate security in an air travel.

2. Models: Models are made to demonstrate the working of a system e.g. a small wooden model of large construction

projects. 

3. Pictures: Pictures of an object or place is used to show the actual situation e.g. pictures of a war can be used

to show that amount of damage. 

4. Drawings and Illustrations: Diagrams are the best way to explain the working of a system or a concept e.g. 

we can draw a picture to explain the water cycle in nature.

5. Graphs/Charts: Graphs are best way to show the relationship between data items e.g. a graph shown the monthly sales

data of a company. 

6. Maps: Maps are the best way to show the geographical details and locations of a place. 

7. Signboards: Signboards are very often used on roads to show directions and at other public places 

such as airports, theaters, parks etc.

8. Instruction symbols/Icons: Icons are used in mobile phones and other electronic devices to show apps,

and symbols are used to show how to operate them.

9. Logos: They are used to identify company brands. 

Q3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Visual communication?

Advantages:

1. Its message gets delivered immediately.

2. Its simple and easy to remember.

3. Its universal. It is easily understood by people of all backgrounds who speak different languages. 

Disadvantages:

1. It cannot handle complex data. 

2. It may create cultural barriers as a sign may give wrong message to people of different backgrounds.

3. It is expensive. It takes more money and time to build visual aids. 

Q4. What is Written communication:

Communication through written words is called written communication. It is a formal way of communication

and hence used for documenting purposes. 

Q5. What are the components of Written communication?

Following are the three components of a written article:

1. Structure: It is the layout of a page. It shows how the whole content is divided and arranged into sections,

paragraphs, and sub divisions. 

2. Style: It is the presentation style of the article. It is the font styles, colour scheme, language, words

and complexity of the sentences used.

3. Content: The content should be suitable to the reader's age, gender, profession and qualification. 

Q6. What are the 5C's i.e. the five parameters of Effective communication:

1. Coherence: It is the logical flow and organization of the ideas in the content.

2. Cohesion: Each idea should be written in separately in different paragraphs to

avoid mixing and overlaps. It should easily show the connection between the various ideas.

3. Concision: It shows have briefly the writer has covered the idea without giving unnecessary details

and repetitions. 

4. Clarity: It shows how clearly the words used supports the writer's idea in the sentences.   

5. Correctness: It shows the factual as well as grammatical correction of the content.

Q7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of written communication?

Advantages:

1. It is  a permanent means of communication. It is useful where we need to maintain records.

2. It is more precise and explicit. 

3. It provides records and references.

4. It can be used as evidence for legal purposes. 

Disadvantages:

1. It is comparatively costly as it requires paper, printing, typing effort, and many other stationary items.

2. It more time consuming as it takes time to send as well as get receiver's response over long distances. 

3. Instant communication is not possible.

4. Increases the work load.

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Class X IT notes: Part A, Unit 1, Session 2.

 IT notes class 10

Part A

Unit 1

Session 2: FEEDBACK IN COMMUNICATION

Q1. What is the meaning of Feedback?

Feedback is the reply sent by the receiver to the sender of a message,

stating that the message has been correctly received. 

Q2. What is the importance of Feedback?

following are some of the reasons why feedback is so important:

1. It ensures that the message has been received correctly and hence the communication is complete and successful. 

2. It helps sender avoid mistakes.

3. It motivates the sender.

4. It promotes friendly work environment.

5. It boosts learning by bringing the focus to the goals. 

6. It forms the basis of better understanding. 

Q3. What are some of the forms of Feedback?

Feedback can be of following four forms depending on the type of communication:

1. A smile or nod can be a form of feedback in interpersonal communication.

2. A question or clarification or reiteration is also a feedback in interpersonal communication.

3. A 'Thank you note' or an 'Acknowledgement note' can be a feedback in written or digital communication.

4. Audience clapping or hooting are two types of feedback in public speech. 

Q4. What are the characteristics of an effective feedback?

Following are the six characteristics of an effective feedback:

1. Intention: The intention of the  feedback is to ensure that is communication gets successful. It is a way

to report to the sender if the message is not received or if there are any errors in it.

2. Specific: The feedback should be about one particular thing that is most important.  

3. Clarity: The feedback should be clear and easy to understand. 

4. Fair and Non-judgmental: Useful feedback does not pass judgement on the message, it only conveys that the message

has been correctly received or not.

5. Timeliness: The feedback must be fast and prompt to ensure effective communication. 

6. Usefulness: The feedback should be useful in such a way that it improves the communication. 

Q5. What are the different types of feedback used in communication? Give suitable examples of each. 

1. Formal and Informal: 

Formal feedback follows a pre-fixed standard format. It takes time to construct hence it is not instantaneous. 

Example: "Please accept my apologies".  

Informal feedback is spontaneous and does not follow any standard format. Hence it is instantly conveyed.

Example: "Congratulations! Good job!"

2. Descriptive and Non-descriptive:

Descriptive feedback provides detailed information such as some suggestions or analysis.

Example: "All points should have be written separately, but only a few were in that order. Also

some important points are missing."  

Non-descriptive feedback provides information without any suggestions or analysis. 

Example: "I liked your answer but it needs improvement". 

3. Specific and Non-specific:

Specific feedback talks about any one point only. 

Example: "I liked the role of the father in the story. Every father should be like him." 

Non-specific feedback talks about the entire thing and gives a general overview. 

Example: "I like your story. It is good."

4. Positive or Negative feedback:

Each of the above feedbacks can either be positive or negative. A positive feedback appreciates the

message while a negative feedback complains or contradicts the message. 

Q6. What type of feedback should be used when it is to be stored for some legal purpose? why?

A written feedback should be used for legal purpose, because it can be stored permanently and 

it can be easily produced as an evidence in the court.   

Q7. What types of feedbacks can you use for giving instant feedback? Why?

1. Informal feedbacks because it is spontaneous and hence takes no time.

2. Non-verbal feedback such as a smile or nod, because its an immediate reaction

that takes no time.

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Class IX IT notes: Part A, Unit 1, Session 2.

 Part A

Unit 1: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Session 2: VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL METHODS OF COMMUNICATION 

Q1. What is verbal communication?

Verbal communication is a type of oral communication which is done only through spoken words. It takes place in forms of group discussions, speeches and conversations. It is the most common form of communication.

Q2. Name the factors that define effective verbal communication.

Following factors define effective verbal communication:

1. The volume of the speaker

2. The tone of the speaker

3. The speed of speaking

4. Clarity of speech

5. Vocabulary of the speaker

6. Body language of the speaker 

7. Listening ability of the audience. 

Q3. What are the components of Verbal communication?

Following are the four components of Verbal communication:

1. Clear speech of the sender. The sender's words should be fluent, clear and audible. Sender should avoid using abbreviations. 

2. The listening skills of the receiver. Receiver should be attentive and focused. 

3. Common language. Both the sender and receiver should use a common language and both should be proficient in that language.

4. Listener's comprehension. The ability to understand the meaning from spoken information should be good.  

Q4. What are the types of Verbal communication?

Following is the four types of Verbal communication:

1. Intrapersonal communication: It is the mental conversation that we have with ourselves while thinking or praying.

The person is both the sender as well as receiver himself. 

2. Interpersonal communication: It is the face-to-face or one-to-one talk between two people. 

3. Small group communication: When more than two people talk with each other such as in group discussions, meetings, or 

friendly group chats. 

4. Public communication: When one individual speaks to a large audience, such as in election campaigns, lecture theaters etc.

Q5. What are the 3P's of public speaking?

Following are the 3P's of public speaking:

1. Prepare 2. Practice and 3. Perform.

Q6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Verbal communication?

Advantages:

1. It is easy and quick for the speaker.

2. Receiver's response is also quick.

3. Sender can immediately update or modify his speech according to the response of the receiver/audience.

 

4. Less expensive.

5. Has powerful effect on the listener.

Disadvantages:

1. The cultural differences of the speaker and the listener can cause misunderstandings.

2. It has no legal validity.

3. Not suitable for lengthy messages.

4. If complicated words are used it can be difficult to understand. 

Q7. What is non-verbal communication?

It is the process of communication without using words either spoken or written. 

It is the communication that we do using our body language, gestures, expressions and behaviour. 

There is no use of any words or sound. Such as a smile, a wink, or a thumbs up. 

Q8. What are the components of Non-verbal communication?

Following are the seven components of Non-verbal communication:

1. Body language: A straight body conveys confidence and energy while a lowered or bent body 

conveys weakness and lack of confidence. 

2. Facial Expressions: Human emotion such as anger, happiness, fear, sadness, surprise etc. 

can be conveyed by the different facial expressions.

3. Gestures: It is our hand movements that helps us to express an idea, a signal or an emotion.

4. Proximity: It is the distance between the sender and the receiver. It depends on the relation between the sender and 

the receiver. 

5. Eye contact: Eye contact builds trust and connection with the listener while talking. The duration of eye contact with 

any person should not be more than 2-3 seconds. 

6. Voice tone: It reflects the emotion and intent of the speaker. E.g. the tone can be casual, friendly or serious. 

7. Touch: Many emotions are conveyed by touch. A warm handshake conveys welcome and promise, 

a pat by a teacher conveys encouragement and a gentle hug by mother conveys love and care. 

Q9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Non-verbal communications?

Advantages:

1. It is very easy.

2. Requires very less time.

3. Does not creates language or qualification barriers.  

Disadvantages:

1. Long and detail messaging is not possible.

2. For some people it can be difficult to express and understand. 

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Class X IT notes: Part A, Unit 1, Session 1.

 IT notes class 10

Unit 1: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Session 1: METHODS & TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

Q1. What is communication?

Communication is the process of exchanging or passing of information, idea 

or thought from one person to another through speech, writing, signals or

body language.

Q2. What is the purpose of communication?

The purpose of communication is that the receiver fully understands the 

received information in the right context. Communication is complete only when 

the receiver has correctly understood the message. 

Q3. Explain the process of communications.

The process of communication consists of the following seven steps, known as the

'Elements of Communication':

1. Sender ----> 2. The idea/message ----> 3. Encoding (e.g. Converting voice to phone signals)----> 4. The Communication channel (e.g. mobile phone/PC) ----> 5. Decoding ( converting the phone signal to voice) -----> 6. The Receiver -----> 7. The feedback -----> )(Encoding ----> The communication channel -----> Decoding ---->) Sender. 

The above sequence makes one communication cycle. The process of communication consists of one or more such cycles. 

Q4. What are the various Elements of communication?

Following are the seven elements of communication:

1. A sender or messenger: He is the person who starts the communication. 

2. The idea/information/message that is being sent.

3. Encoding: Converting the message in to a form that is suitable for transferring it through the channel of communication. Example converting voice into phone signals. 

4. The communication channel: It is the physical medium used for sending the message. Example Phone, TV, Internet, Email, Post or courier, newspapers, meetings and seminars or social media. 

5. A receiver of the information. It is the target audience. 

6. Decoding: Converting the received information into the form that can be understood by the receiver e.g. converting the phone signal back into voice.

7. Feedback: It is the reply given by the receiver to the sender conveying that his message is fully understood. 

Q.5 What is the significance of communication:

Following are reasons why communication is so significant:

1. It helps us understand people better by removing misunderstandings.

2. It helps us understand thoughts and expressions.

3. It helps us in education and learning.

4. It brings people closer. 

5. It helps people work together as a team. 

Q.6 What are the different ways of communication?

Communication can take place in any of the following ways:

1. Verbal form : Communicating orally

2. Non-verbal form: Communicating using body language, gesture and tone.

3. Written form: Using hand written or printed information. 

4. Visual form: Using pictures, diagrams, logos, posters, maps or graphs.

Q.7 What is Effective communication?

It is the right way of communication that makes right impact by delivering 

the right message. It requires choosing the right words, tone, gesture 

and body language to make effective communication.

Q.8 What are the pros and cons of Verbal/Oral communication?

Pros:

1. It is straight forward. Easy to express the feelings, explain the meaning

and convey the message. 

2. It is mostly interpersonal and interactive communication.

3. It is a fast and quick form of communication. There are no connection issues

because mostly the sender and receiver are in front of one another.

4. The sender gets instant feedback as he can see and judge the feedback of 

the audience. 

5. It helps in building personal and professional bonds. 

Cons:

1. It requires proximity i.e. the sender and receiver must be at the same place 

and time. 

2. There are no permanent records for oral conversations.

3. It is not complete form of communication as it may need other forms of 

communications, such as written and visual communication. 

4. There are emotional barriers such as the speaker or the receiver may not be in a 

good mood at that time.

Q.9 What are the pros and cons of Non-verbal communication

Pros:

1. It makes demonstration very easy. 

2. It is easy to convey message where verbal communication is unable to reach.

3. There is no language barrier, as it is easily understood by all even if there is no 

common language.

4. It conveys message very fast.

Cons:

1. It is not suitable for lengthy messages. 

2. This is also an incomplete form of communication as it cannot communicate the details.

3. There are high chances of misinterpretation.

4. Cultural differences may lead to wrong interpretation.

Q.10 What are the pros and cons of Visual communication?

Pros: 

1. It reinforces other forms of communication. Visual aids when used with oral or 

written communication, it makes the message more clear. 

2. It can explain many things which cannot be explained in words. For example graphs

easy convey the data than lengthy text reports.

3. It removes the barriers of qualification or language as it is easily understood by all.

Cons:

1. It is more expensive.

2. Requires to be stored in special way.

3. It is very time consuming to prepare visual aids such as graphs and posters.

4. It is also not a complete form of communication, as it needs other forms of communication

too. 

Q.11 What are the pros and cons of Written communication?

Pros:

1. It can be stored permanently for later use or reference.

2. It has a legal status as it can be used as evidence for legal purposes.

3. It is very easy to be produced in duplicate and big quantity, which makes it easy to circulate in the public.

4. It is suitable for sending lengthy information such as annual budget, reports etc. 

Cons:

1. It is costly as it requires lots of effort and money to write and print.

2. It is very time consuming. 

3. It creates a barrier of language and qualification as it should be known by both the parties. 

4. Requires a special form of storage that is costly. 

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Class IX IT notes: Part A, Unit 1, Session 1.

IT notes class 9

Part A

Unit 1: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Session 1: What is communication

Q1. What is communication?

Communication is the process of exchanging or passing of information, idea 

or thought from one person to another through speech, writing, signals or

body language.

Q2. What is the purpose of communication?

The purpose of communication is that the receiver fully understands the 

received information in the right context. Communication is complete only when 

the receiver has correctly understood the message. 

Q3. Explain the process of communications.

The process of communication consists of the following seven steps, known as the

'Elements of Communication':

1. Sender ----> 2. The idea/message ----> 3. Encoding (e.g. Converting voice to phone signals)----> 4. The Communication channel (e.g. mobile phone/PC) ----> 5. Decoding ( converting the phone signal to voice) -----> 6. The Receiver -----> 7. The feedback -----> Encoding ----> The communication channel -----> Decoding ----> Sender. 

The above sequence makes one communication cycle. The process of communication consists of one or more such cycles. 

Q4. What are the various Elements of communication?

Following are the seven elements of communication:

1. A sender or messenger: He is the person who starts the communication. 

2. The idea/information/message that is being sent.

3. Encoding: Converting the message in to a form that is suitable for transferring it through the channel of communication. Example converting voice into phone signals. 

4. The communication channel: It is the physical medium used for sending the message. Example Phone, TV, Internet, Email, Post or courier, newspapers, meetings and seminars or social media. 

5. A receiver of the information. It is the target audience. 

6. Decoding: Converting the received information into the form that can be understood by the receiver.

e.g. converting the phone signal back into voice.

7. Feedback: It is the reply given by the receiver to the sender conveying that his message is fully

understood. 

Q.5 What is the significance of communication:

Following are reasons why communication is so significant:

1. It helps us understand people better by removing misunderstandings.

2. It helps us understand thoughts and expressions.

3. It helps us in education and learning.

4. It brings people closer. 

5. It helps people work together as a team. 

Q.6 What are the different ways of communication?

Communication can take place in any of the following ways:

1. Verbal form : Communicating orally

2. Non-verbal form: Communicating using body language, gesture and tone.

3. Written form: Using hand written or printed information. 

4. Visual form: Using pictures, diagrams, logos, posters, maps or graphs.

Q.7 What is Effective communication?

It is the right way of communication that makes right impact by delivering 

the right message. It requires choosing the right words, tone, gesture 

and body language to make effective communication.

Q.8 What are the seven basic principles of communications.

Following are the seven basic principles, known as 7C's of communication:

1. Clear: Keep the message simple and clear.

2. Concise: Keep it to the point.

3. Correct: Use correct facts.

4. Complete: Convey all the facts.

5. Courtesy: Be respectful and courteous. 

6. Coherent: Stick to the main topic.

7. Concrete: Be specific, don't make any assumptions. 

Q.9 What are the factors that influence communication?

Following are the factors that influence the quality of communication:

1. Language barriers - it is difficult to talk for people of different languages. 

2. Cultural barriers - difficult culture and beliefs cause misunderstanding and confusion.

3. Personal barriers - differences in interest, mood, feelings and attitude cause misunderstanding. 

4. Gender barriers - men and women are unable to understand one another's problems and feelings.

5. Physical and environmental barriers - it is difficult to communicate with physically challenged people. 

6. Perceptual barriers - it is difficult to communicate with people having different perception due to

personal experiences and prejudice. 

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